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Desert

ABOUT
SSH

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BIOGRAPHY

About the Journal

Sarah Stoddart Hazlitt (1774-1843) was, in many ways, a woman ahead of her time. A relatively little known figure of the British Romantic era, Stoddart’s extraordinary walking tours and the journal in which she recorded them can be of great value for understanding and analyzing nineteenth-century women’s writing, travel, and lifestyle. 

 

Stoddart is most known for her relationships: with her brother, the editor and lawyer Sir John Stoddart, with other literary figures like Mary and Charles Lamb, and primarily with her husband, the essayist William Hazlitt. However, Stoddart was a remarkable character in her own right. Her grandson, William Carew Hazlitt, recalled that she “was capitally read, talked well, and was one of the best letter-writters of her time. She was a true wife to William Hazlitt, and a fond mother to the only child she was able to rear” (Memoirs 12). In a letter written early in their relationship, Stoddart’s close friend Mary Lamb wrote “I will protest you are the most amusing, good-humoured, good sister, and altogether excellent girl I know, or any other fibs you will please to dictate to me,” showing both her earnest nature as well as the lack of feminine delicacy for which she was often criticized (Hitchcock 115). 

 

First hand accounts of Stoddart often focus on her unconventionality and frankness, certainly perceived as uncommon characteristics for women of her time. There are anecdotes about her drinking grog with her father as a child and having brandy with Mary Lamb while they lounged with their feet up on the fireplace fender. She was the complete opposite of her prim and proper brother, who described her as “deficient in those minutiae of taste and conduct which constitute elegance of manners and mental refinement” (Jones 11). Yet W.C. Hazlitt notes that it was this direct manner and "unaffected good sense" (Memoirs 167) that first drew Hazlitt to her. 

 

Before marrying William Hazlitt in 1808 (and possibly after), she had several suitors in England and Malta, where she moved with her brother in order to look for a husband. Willard Hallam Bonner notes that she had as many as seven suitors before Hazlitt, a few of which she might have been engaged to. Catherine Macdonald Maclean also suggests that Stoddart was involved in “a disagreeable scrape of some kind” toward the end of her stay in Malta, which in part might have explained a quick succession of “matrimonial overtures” the following year and her rushed courtship with Hazlitt (239-40). Some also speculate that Stoddart might have gotten pregnant somewhat before the wedding, as suggested by special marriage license Hazlitt procured to marry her early. 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Stoddart was a lover of art and literature, and most of her first travels upon reaching Scotland in 1822 are to galleries and the library. Her grandson wrote that “A lady once told me that when she lived at Kentish Town, Mrs. Hazlitt would come to see her, with a sort of satchel round her waist, and beg the loan of a few books to read. I have heard of my grandmother borrowing of others in the same way. She found books a great resource in her rather monotonous life, especially when rheumatism had somewhat affected the use of her fingers in sewing and knitting” (Four Generations 178-9). Carew Hazlitt also recalled that she was known to memorize and recite long quotations from contemporary poets like Wordsworth, Byron, and Scott. Similarly, her writings convey a profound understanding of architecture and art, and she possessed knowledge of technical terminology as well as cultivated opinions on aesthetics. Though her husband is remembered as a genius, Stoddart too showed a great intellect, and often attended the same lectures as her husband with Hazlitt and other great minds like William Godwin. She spoke French with John and was commissioned by Hazlitt to procure art for his study while in London. Additionally, Stoddart contributed to Hazlitt's work by being the one "who checked his references and looked out the quotations he wished to insert in the blanks he left in his manuscripts" (Jones 11). 

 

Stoddart was also very fond of walking—Leslie Stephen observed that the rain would seldom stop her walks, and when friends were visiting she would walk with them as much as twenty miles a day in the Salisbury Plains. Her love of walking is made abundantly clear in the journal she recorded during the aforementioned trip which was later published as Journal of my Trip to Scotland

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Despite her husband’s early career as a portrait artist, no known likeness of Stoddart exists, and little is known of her appearance. Maclean notes that “There was little in her appearance or manner to allure [Hazlitt]” and that “she was not even distinctively feminine in appearance, for she wore her hair cropped” (244). Meanwhile, the contemporary painter Benjamin Robert Haydon described her as "thin, pale & spitty" (Jones 94) when he met her while sick at home. Comparing herself to Hazlitt’s new lover in her journal, Stoddart describes herself as “plump,” and her grandson remembers her having a “florid complexion” which she passed down to her son (247; Four Generations 182). 

Truth Finding Fortune in the Sea by Antonio Bellucci. Stoddart and Hazlitt both saw this painting at Dalkeith Palace. Stoddart, ever conscious of her body, compares the principle figure to herself “in the thighs the fall of the back and the contour of the whole figure,” while Hazlitt thinks it resembles Sarah Walker (Journal 247). 

About the Journal and Stoddart's Walking Tours

In the Spring and Summer of 1822, Stoddart took a trip to Scotland for the purpose of obtaining a divorce from Hazlitt. The Hazlitts had been separated for some time before 1822, a decision thought to be made by Hazlitt, who had fallen in love with another woman and no longer wished to be with Stoddart. Due to the improbability of obtaining a divorce under strict English law, Hazlitt devised a scheme to get divorced in Scotland, where marriage laws were more lenient. His plan involved Stoddart "accidentally" discovering him with another woman in Edinburgh, where she could then accuse him of adultery and obtain a divorce by swearing the Oath of Calumny. By swearing the Oath, Stoddart would admit that she had not colluded with Hazlitt or engaged in an established plan—she would be committing perjury. 

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Stoddart recounts her movements in her journal in great detail, paying attention to where she stopped, the routes she took, the landmarks she passed, and when she did so. Her journal was published in its entirety first by Richard Le Gallienne in 1894 as Journal of My Trip to Scotland (also called Mrs. Hazlitt's Diary), but as an appendix to her husband's Liber Amoris. In 1959 Willard Hallam Bonner released an edited version of the text as The Journals of Sarah and William Hazlitt, 1822-1831, which also included Hazlitt's contemporary journals. In the 1970s, Ena Lamont Stewart adapted Stoddart's journal into a play called Business in Edinburgh, which received a dramatic reading by the Citizens Theatre in Glasgow before being produced by the Phoenix Drama Group of Newport in St. Andrews in 1979. 

Legacy

Though her journal has been in circulation for over 100 years, little scholarly attention has been given to it. As Sonia Hofkosh notes in Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author, Stoddart's text "has been, like the woman herself, dismissed as of only limited interest or importance for our reading of romanticism and its discontents" (115). Stoddart has not only been dismissed, but also misrepresented and even ridiculed by many of Hazlitt's earlier biographers, likely due to Hazlitt's own mistreatment of her, as is recorded in the Journal and elsewhere. Hazlitt often depicted Stoddart as cold, cheap, and selfish, sharing these views with friends despite the aspects of her character that suggest quite the opposite (for a more thorough examination of Stoddart's reputation amongst Hazlitt and his biographers, see Bonner's meticulous introduction to the Journal). 

In recent years, with the digitization of the two published versions of the Journal, scholarly discussion on Stoddart has started to increase, with the Journal being perceived as a proper literary text for perhaps the first time since its composition. Scholars such as Gillian Beattie-Smith, Betty Hagglund, and Hofkosh have written not only on the literary merit of the Journal but also Stoddart's significance as a figure in the Romantic era. It is the goal of this project not only to increase important scholarly work such as this, but also to celebrate Stoddart's character and literary contribution to our understanding of Romanticism, women's writing, and travel during the nineteenth-century. 

In the years after her trip to Scotland, Stoddart traveled around France and England. She and Hazlitt remained friends after their divorce and she never remarried, keeping the surname Hazlitt. Along with being her only published work, the Journal is the most extensive account of Stoddart’s life, and comparatively little is known about the period between 1822 and her death in 1843. Rather than moving in with her son, as was common for contemporary widows, Stoddart preferred to live independently in rented rooms. She maintained many of her friendships after the divorce, particularly with the Lambs, Hazlitt's sister Peggy, and even Hazlitt himself. Her grandson notes that she died while living with an old friend, Elizabeth Pinney, at No. 4 Palace St. in Pimplico, London. She was "buried in the churchyard of St. John's, Abingdon Street, Millbank" (WC Hazlitt xxi) whose burial ground was closed for internment in 1853 and opened as a public garden in 1885, with the remaining grave slabs arranged around the perimeter of the garden. 

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Facsimile signature from a letter to Stoddart's son dated July 26th, 1824, printed in the Le Gallienne edition of Liber Amoris

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In the midst of the legal turmoil of her divorce, Stoddart spends her time mostly in walking. She begins by walking throughout Edinburgh, but her most impressive feats were two unaccompanied journeys across Scotland where she walked 170 miles in seven days and 112 miles in five days respectively. The miles she walked around Edinburgh and during another trip to Ireland are countless. 

Stoddart's Edinburgh residence

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Notice of the performance of Business in Edinburgh in the St. Andrews Citizen on October 27th, 1979

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